Role of Heart Rate Response to Standing and Valsalva Manoeuvre Measurement in Diagnosing Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus.

Diabetes is an iceberg disease with many complications like cardiovascular disease &diabetic neuropathy. One of the most overlooked of all serious complications of diabetes is cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN), Autonomic nervous system dysfunction is one of the significant complications of diabetes mellitus and this is generally associated with a poor prognosis. Standard cardiovascular reflex tests are used to assess cardiovascular autonomic function. These include changes in heart rate during standing up and, Valsalva manoeuvre to assess cardiac parasympathetic activity. Aim: To analyse the role of heart rate during standing up and , Valsalva manoeuvre in diagnosing Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy.