Dynamics, properties and spectrum of reconnecting vortex loops in superfluid helium (Review article)

The quantum turbulence is a collection of the interacting quantum vortex loops and filaments. The main goal of this work is to systematize the information on the current state of the research on the reconnecting quantized vortex loops in the superfluid helium: the geometry, the dynamics, the properties of the vortex loops, the energy spectrum before and after the reconnections. The paper discusses the possible role of the reconnections in the formation of the turbulent spectrum. In addition, in this paper the main methods and approaches to the study of the reconnecting vortex loops and quantum turbulence are discussed.