Propagation measurements and analysis on MF and HF bands in urban areas in The Netherlands

Using a new propagation measurement set-up, which produces a high number of data, enabling a proper statistical analysis, and resulting in very concise results, propagation measurements were performed and analized at 16 residential locations in The Netherlands in the frequency range from 1.8 to 28 MHz. In the whole frequency range the propagation loss appear to be higher than according the International Telecommunication Union ground-wave propagation model might be expected. Also typical characteristics of that model are not present, but instead the propagation shows a constant roll-off in dBs per decade, which slope is increasing with frequency. A regression curve could be established, and constants filled in. This statistical information may be used for building an accumulation model to lay a causality between source powers, source densities, and local Man-Made Noise levels.