Passive shielding for human space exploration

Exploration of deep space can lead to several health problems due to exposure to cosmic radiation. To increase health and safety in interplanetary exploratory missions, passive shielding is considered the best solution, though not without faults. In fact, shielding can be complex for several reasons, such as the deficiency in biological and physical measurements. Another fundamental aspect related to the shielding problem is the space radiation environment. In fact, galactic cosmic rays, solar particle events, and trapped particle radiations are considered some of the major health risk to astronauts. To protect the space crew, both passive and active shielding is used. In particular, the passive method is considered more efficient to limit the absorbed dose. Fundamental is also the choice of the shielding material. In fact, some materials, like polyethylene, is deemed one of the most effective tools against space radiation.