Influence of the main tillage methods on the moisture temperature mode of the soil and the yield of winter wheat

Abstract The accumulation and preservation of soil moisture through rational tillage methods is an effective strategy for increasing the yield of winter wheat in the zone of risky farming with insufficient and unstable moisture. The article discusses the methods of tillage: surface, shallow, moldboard and no-Till. Their influence on the moisture-temperature mode of the soil is investigated. Weather and climatic conditions was taken into account. Correlation analysis indentified an average negative interdependence between soil moisture and ambient (atmospheric) air humidity and a high positive relationship between soil temperature and ambient air temperature. The yield of winter wheat for the study period analyzed depending on the applied method of tillage. The leading position of no-Till tillage in terms of the yield of winter wheat (7.17 t / ha), as well as in the moisture-temperature mode was revealed. At the same time, with shallow tillage, moisture was recorded at 20.12%; 17.75% with surface tillage; by 13.19% using the moldboard method. Warming up of the soil was established with shallow tillage by 12.19%; with a dump method by 13.19%; with the surface method by 4.12%. A decrease in the yield of winter wheat was revealed with the moldboard method by 8.37%; with the surface method by 8.37%; with a zero method by 12.14%. It has been established that no-Till tillage is the most effective in terms of maintaining soil moisture and yield of winter wheat in the zone of risky farming.