Investigating the composition and application of an ancient multipurpose material discovered on the Qin Terracotta Army statues

Abstract For the first time, the composition and application of a multipurpose material, which is widely used on the Qin Terracotta Army statues, was investigated as an important material during the statues' production. X‐ray fluorescence spectrometry, X‐ray diffraction spectrometry, polarizing microscopy and gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry were used in this study. The analyses revealed that this material consists of a protein binder containing animal glue and egg and inorganic fillers of ground pottery grains. The material is multifunctional and can be mainly used for bonding and flattening statues, while adding inorganic fillers into organic materials provides good strength and ageing resistance. This study will enhance the current understanding of the production of the Terracotta Army and provide a new perspective for conservation science from traditional crafts.