Effect of spatial and temporal variability of gauged and radar rainfall data on hydrological modelingof urban basins

ABSTRACT In urban areas, rainfall-runoff modeling provides large uncertainties due to the difficulty in representing the spatial distribution of rainfall events. In this context, the this work aims to evaluate the effect of temporal and spatial of rainfall data (weather radar and distributed rainfall gauges network) on runoff estimation in a urban basin. The Reginaldo basin, inserted in the urban area of the Maceió city, capital of state of Alagoas (Brazil), has a reasonable availability of rainfall datal covered with a high number and spatial distribution of rain gauges and weather radar, which was used as input of a hydrological model The EPA Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) has been used with 3 analysis rainfall scenarios: (i) considering uniform rainfall distribution based on measured average rainfall, (ii) considering distributed rainfall using catchment discretization, and (iii) considering distributed rainfall using radar cell discretization. In order to evaluate the model outcomes, we analyzed four hydrological output variables: (i) the peak flow; (ii) the peak time; (iii) the volume flowed and (iv) the volume losses. Based on this criterion, it was clear that, considering he analyzed scenarios, the effect of spatial distribution of rainfall data on hydrological response in small urban basins, with high impervious coverage, was not divergent for the analyzed scenarios and that the radar data showed significantly higher data resolution than rainfall gauges.