Pain among patients with substance use disorders and non-pharmacological options: An integrative review

Background: An increased incidence of chronic pain is growing worldwide. Typical treatment of chronic pain often involves a medication regimen. Opioids are the most highly prescribed class of medications for chronic pain by providers. The liberal use of opioids to help relieve chronic pain has led to other undesirable effects such as addiction, morbidity and mortality.Methods: A literature search was conducted using the key search concepts: pain AND physical therapy AND substance use. Results: A total of 5 articles met inclusion criteria out of 331 articles considered.Conclusions: The focus on alternative approaches to treatment of chronic pain/back pain for the SUD population is limited in the literature. Training for non-pharmacological options is needed for the NP and other practitioners to treat chronic back pain in the SUD population.