Numerical prediction of dynamic forces on arbitrarily pitched airfoils in turbulent flow

Numerical solutions for an NACA 0012 airfoil undergoing various pitching motions are compared with both static and new dynamic experimental data. The unsteady incompressible Reynolds-average Navier-Stokes equations for a rotating coordinate system are used. A body-fitted grid is mapped into a rectangular coordinate system using a time-independent transformation. The set of transformed partial differential equations is solved with an implicit finite difference method.