Experimental Study of Flow Characteristics Over Single Step Broad Crested Weir

Weirs are hydraulic structures built across channels to raise the depth of water across irrigation channels and also to vary the channels flow characteristics making it easier to measure discharge rate of flow. This study analyzed the parameters that have effect on the steps and its shape to influence the flow characteristics such as coefficient of discharge, height, velocity etc. An empirical relations for discharge coefficient ( ) and flow rate due to these changes were derived. The results showed that the weir model with  = 0.167 produce a higher compared with other weir models of different configuration of constant round nose radius. At the end of the analysis, two model equations were obtained, the first model was used to estimate the flow rate over the weir models, the second was to estimate the  in terms of ratios of weir height ( ) and round nose radius ( ). The model results obtained can be used to design a prototype weirs of desired coefficient of discharge.