CORRELATION BETWEEN THE GARDEN AND THE SIGN IN THE LITERATURE IN THE SCIENTIFIC THEORIES OF VARIOUS LITERATURE RESEARCHERS (ON THE EXAMPLE OF SOFIYIVKA GARDEN)

The article reveals the correlation between such concepts as the sign and the garden in the literature, analyzes the difference between the concepts of semantics and semiotics. The concept of the sign is analyzed in a broad sense i.e. in the context of a system of signs. The study also examines the difference between semiotics and structuralism. The theoretical works by Mikhail Bakhtin, Ferdinand de Saussure, Umberto Eco and others were used to determine the best method for studying the sign and sign systems, in particular in the literature. The article applies the method of structuralism to reveal possible errors while sign systems are being investigated. Identifying the weaknesses of structuralism resulted in the rise of a new method called structuralist semiotics. The article describes this method and its main features. The possibilities of using the structuralist semiotics method are shown on the example of Sofiyivka garden, which can be considered as a complex system of signs, and consequently literary works about this garden can be treated as signs of signs, i. e. a literary work about Sofiyivka is presented as a multilevel sign system in which semiotic levels generate each other. The garden is studied as a sign system, and a literary work about the garden can be presented as a sign system generated by another sign system.