10. Nanomaterials and aquatic toxicity

Toxic effects of nanoparticles (NPs) spread to the environment, affecting the aquatic plants and animals. Environmental safety is thus very important prior to the safe use of nanoparticles. Engineered NPs and their unknown effects on plants and animals in the aqueous environment are alarming and limit their safe use. Although numerous studies have shown their toxic effects, knowledge is far from being complete. This chapter highlights the effects of NPs on aquatic animals and how they affect the food chain, leading to bioaccumulation affecting the health, growth, reproduction and physiology of aquatic animals.