Study on Ecological Effect of Grassland under Different System Background —Take Yingtugacha Zhengxiangbai Banner Inner Mongolia as an Example

草场是牧民的重要生产资料，自20世纪80年代内蒙古自治区实施“草场承包”以来，牧区展开了草场的“圈地运动”。本文对内蒙古锡林郭勒盟正镶白旗英图嘎查1983~2019年近40年间不同阶段内的草场利用方式进行比较分析，发现：英图嘎查“草–畜–人”人地关系系统不和谐，其主要表现为近40年间嘎查内牧草种量大幅度减少，草场生态环境遭到破坏。嘎查内牲畜数量日趋减少的同时牧民的生产成本也在不断增加，综合效益急剧下降。因此创新草场利用制度、转变生产经营方式对实现牧区的可持续发展以及生态明文建设具有重要意义。 Grassland is an important means of production for herdsmen. From the 1980 s, Inner Mongolia Au-tonomous Region implemented the “grassland contract”, the pastoral area launched the “enclosure movement” of grassland. This paper makes a comparative analysis of grassland utilization patterns in Yingtugacha, Zhengxiangbai Banner, Xilin Gol League, Inner Mongolia during the past 40 years from 1983 to 2019. It is found that the relationship between “grass-livestock-human” and land is not harmonious, which shows that the grass species in Yingtugacha decreased greatly during the last 40 years and the grassland ecological environment was destroyed. As the number of livestock in Gacha decreases, the production cost of herdsmen is increasing, and the comprehensive benefits are falling sharply. Therefore, it is of great significance to innovate the grassland utilization system and change the production and management mode to realize the sustainable development of the pastoral areas and the ecological civilization construction.