多倍体植物中单核苷酸多态性(SNPs)的开发

Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is a kind of DNA polymorphism in genome which results from the variance of single nucleotide. In diploid organisms (such as human, Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa, etc.), many SNP markers were discovered as genetic markers, and had been widely used for population parameter estimation and association mapping. However, SNP discovery and application in the polyploid organisms (such as Gossy pium hirsutum, Brassica napus, Triticum aestivum, etc.) were limited and lagged. In order to facilitate SNP discovery in polyploid plants, this paper reviewed the genomic complexity of polyploidy, the obstacle and the solutions of SNPs discovery in polyploid plants, including these methods of sequencing of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplicons from locus-specific primer, distinguishing SNPs from homoeologous sequence variants (HSVs) through living models of allopolyploid ancestral genomes, use of next-generation sequencing for SNP discovery, scanning along seeking potential SNPs by bioinformatics tool, Mendelian transmission test of candidate SNPs. In conclusion, the applications of solutions mentioned above are feasible and reliable for the high throughput SNP discovery in polyploid plants.