Diversity of Gram negative bacteria antagonistic against major pathogens of rice from rice seed in the tropic environment

With the use of a seed washing technique, more than 4000 Gram negative bacteria were isolated by two improved isolation methods from 446 batches of 1 kg rice seed samples obtained from 22 provinces in the Philippines. They were initially characterized on the basis of colony morphology and results of biochemical and pathogenicity tests. Six hundred and fifty-two strains were further identified by Biolog,from which 133 were selected for fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analysis together with 80 standard reference! strains. Six-teen species or types of Pseudomonas and 17 genera of non-pseudomormds were identified, more than one third of which have not been recorded in rice. The most predominant species observed were P. puthda and P. ful-va. About 17% of the strains of Pseudomonas and 2% of the non-pseudomonads were antagonistic to one or more fungal or bacterial pathogens of rice. Rice seed is an important source of biological control agents.