References to international anti-corruption conventions in international investment arbitration and international investment agreements

The ongoing recognition of the devastating effects of corruption on global economic development has contributed to the creation of numerous anti-corruption instruments at the domestic, regional, and international levels, including major binding covenants and a variety of instructive guidelines oriented towards both the public and private sectors. As a consequence of the transnationalization of anti-corruption laws, regulation against corruption is no longer a purely local issue and international anti-corruption norms have been showing rapid development in the past decades. In light of the above development, this chapter presents a study of international anti-corruption efforts in international investment law. In particular, how states and international investment arbitral tribunals rely on international anti-corruption conventions to address issues in relation to (anti-) corruption. It will then respectively discuss the application of international or regional anti-corruption conventions in international investment arbitration and the existing anti-corruption provisions in over 3,000 IIAs where these anti-corruption norms have been incorporated.