The Ultrapower Axiom UA and the number of normal measures over $\aleph_1$ and $\aleph_2$
Arthur W. Apter
Abstract
Open-access reader
Arthur W. Apter
Abstract
Open-access reader
We show that assuming the consistency of certain large cardinals (namely a supercompact cardinal with a measurable cardinal above it of the appropriate Mitchell order) together with the Ultrapower Axiom UA introduced by Goldberg in [3], it is possible to force and construct choiceless universes of ZF in which the first two uncountable cardinals $\aleph_1$ and $\aleph_2$ are both measurable and carry certain fixed numbers of normal measures. Specifically, in the models constructed, $\aleph_1$ will carry exactly one normal measure, namely $\mu_\omega = \{x \subseteq \aleph_1 \mid x$ contains a club set$\}$, and $\aleph_2$ will carry exactly $\tau$ normal measures, where $\tau = \aleph_n$ for $n=0,1,2$ or $\tau = n$ for $n \ge 1$ an integer (so in particular, $\tau \le \aleph_2$ is any nonzero finite or infinite cardinal). This complements the results of [1] in which $\tau \ge \aleph_3$ and contrasts with the well-known facts that assuming AD + DC, $\aleph_1$ is measurable and carries exactly one normal measure, and $\aleph_2$ is measurable and carries exactly two normal measures.
OpenAlex reports 1 citations for this work. Citation counts describe recorded attention and do not establish research quality.
A contribution statement is not available in the OpenAlex record.
Method details are not available in the OpenAlex metadata.
Findings are not separately available in the OpenAlex metadata.
Limitations are not available in the OpenAlex metadata.
Application details are not available in the OpenAlex metadata.
We show that assuming the consistency of certain large cardinals (namely a supercompact cardinal with a measurable cardinal above it of the appropriate Mitchell order) together with the Ultrapower Axiom UA introduced by Goldberg in [3], it is possible to force and construct choiceless universes of ZF in which the first two uncountable cardinals $\aleph_1$ and $\aleph_2$ are both measurable and carry certain fixed numbers of normal measures. Specifically, in the models constructed, $\aleph_1$ will carry exactly one normal measure, namely $\mu_\omega = \{x \subseteq \aleph_1 \mid x$ contains a club set$\}$, and $\aleph_2$ will carry exactly $\tau$ normal measures, where $\tau = \aleph_n$ for $n=0,1,2$ or $\tau = n$ for $n \ge 1$ an integer (so in particular, $\tau \le \aleph_2$ is any nonzero finite or infinite cardinal). This complements the results of [1] in which $\tau \ge \aleph_3$ and contrasts with the well-known facts that assuming AD + DC, $\aleph_1$ is measurable and carries exactly one normal measure, and $\aleph_2$ is measurable and carries exactly two normal measures.
Key concepts: Aleph, Ultraproduct, Mathematics, Uncountable set, Measure (data warehouse), Combinatorics, Countable set, Physics