Effects of cultivation method and fertilizer on potato yield and its agronomic traits

【Objective】The effects of various cultivation measures and fertilizer ratios on potato yield were discussed in order to provide references for building a black plastic mulching cultivation pattern of potato. 【Method】With Weiyu3 as the test material, a field randomized block experiment was used to analyze effects of 16 treatments including non-tillage, bed-planting, black plastic mulching and fertilizer on potato morphology, yield and physical indexes.【Result】Potato yield of bed-planting and black plastic mulching with controlled release fertilizer was the largest which was higher than that of bed-planting treatment, non-tillage with plastic mulching and nutrient-deficient treatment(P0.05). Potato yield of bed-planting and black plastic mulching with controlled release fertilizer and formula fertilizer were higher than that of nutrient-deficient treatment(P0.05). The tuber yield, actual yield, production value, net economic income of bed-planting and black plastic mulching with controlled release fertilizer were increased by 12.1%, 12.2%, 13.1% and 27.8% over non-tillage and black plastic mulching with controlled release fertilizer treatment, by 49.0%, 30.2%, 51.0% and 110.0% than bed-planting with controlled release fertilizer treatment, respectively. Accumulation of potato N, P and K of bed-planting and black plastic mulching with controlled release fertilizer and formula fertilizer treatment were significantly higher than that of other treatments. Recovery efficiency and agronomic efficiency of non-tillage and black plastic mulching with controlled release fertilizer and formula fertilizer treatment were significantly higher than those of bed-planting without black plastic mulching treatments. 【Conclusion】Compared with non-tillage treatment, bed-planting black plastic mulching, as a practical cultivate method for extension, improves potato growth and yield when controlled release and formula fertilizer are used.