Handbook of Geophysics and Space Environments. Chapter 10, 1983 Revision. Ionospheric Radio Wave Propagation.

This report discusses methods of measurement of ionospheric parameters, propagation of radio waves with wavelengths long enough so that they are ducted between the ionosphere and the surface of the earth, modeling of the ionosphere, propagation of HF radio waves, HF radar ionospheric clutter, predictions, scintillations of trans-ionospheric radio signals, time delay of signals passing through the ionosphere, ionospheric total electron content, and artificial modification of the ionosphere. Each section within the report has been written by a separate author or group of authors; for this reason, they do not form a tightly woven whole. The report, a portion of the revised Handbook of Geophysics is designed as a review of areas of radio wave propagation where the ionosphere plays a role. Included are measurement techniques, long wave propagation, ionospheric modeling, HF radio wave propagation, HF radar ionospheric clutter, scintillation on trans-ionospheric radio waves, ionospheric time delay effects on earth-space propagation, total electron content, and artificial modification of the ionosphere. (Author)