A Review on Friction Stir Welding over other Welding Techniques of Aluminium Alloys

In the modern world, weight reduction plays a very important role, which improves the overall efficient of the system, Attempts are made to improve the efficiency of the system by substituting the low denser material. Joining of material is the foremost property to be considered. Temporary  and permanent fastening methods are there to join but because of the requirement of the strong joint there is a need for the permanent fasting technology. Current study focuses on the pros and cons of the welding techniques of aluminum alloys. The comparison is made in between arc welding, Tungsten inert gas welding, metal inert gas welding, electron beam welding, laser beam welding, spot welding, plasma welding and friction stir welding. Each method has its own advantages and disadvantages based on the application of requirements of the selection of the welding methods are done. Friction stir welding shows the better material property with lesser crystal defects, compared to the other welding techniques. This process takes at the semi solid state, which reduces the crystal defects by providing the high strength and good welding joints. Most of the metals are failing in the heat affected zone in fusion welding along with crystal defect. Article targets to compare the different welding techniques used for aluminum joining with both similar and dissimilar metals along with limitations and the advantages.  Keywords: EBW -Electron Beam Welding, FSW -Friction stir welding, LBW- Laser Beam Welding,  lpa - laser point application, MIGW- Metal Inert Gas Welding, PAW -Plasma Arc Welding, TIGW- Tungsten Inert Gas Welding.