Evaluation of genetic diversity of different bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties using molecular markers ISSR and RAPD

Exact evaluation of the amount and distribution of genetic diversity in plants is essential for developing a strategy for conservation and use of genetic resources. Study, the genetic diversity of 40 genotypes of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was investigated using 10 Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers and four Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. The 10 ISSR primers produced 92 polymorphic bands with an average of 9.2 polymorphic bands for each primer and the polymorphic percentage was 86.79%. Also, four RAPD primers produced 19 polymorphic bands with an average of 4.75 bands for each primer, and the average polymorphic percentage was 67.85%. High levels of effective number of alleles, Nei index, Shannon index, and the Polymorphism information content of ISSR markers for UBC813, UBC816 and UBC824 primers, and RAPD markers for OH-04 and OPA02 primers was indicated the high efficiency of these primers in differentiating the studied wheat genotypes in this research. Cluster analysis using UPGMA method based on Jaccard's similarity coefficient based on the whole polynomial bands of ISSR and RAPD markers divided wheat genotypes in two separate groups. Also, principal coordinates analysis and determining population structure based on Bayesian method with STRUCTURE software placed the cultivars in two groups and confirmed cluster analysis results. Molecular analysis of variance showed that within groups’ diversity is more than between groups’ diversity. Information obtained from this research and variation in wheat cultivars can be used in the breeding programs for yield improvement.