A review of bioremediation techniques for heavy metals pollution in soil

Abstract Heavy metals polluted soil caused by sewage irrigation, industrial pollution, pesticides and fertilizers, and atmospheric deposition have a harmful effect on the environment, which is difficult to completely eliminate and will threaten the ecological environment, food safety, and human health. The treatment of soil heavy metals and soil safe utilization have become the top priority of the treatment of industrial land and farmland soil. The existing main methods of soil heavy metals remediation include physical remediation, chemical remediation and biological remediation. With changes in governance scenarios and technological innovations, the joint application of interdisciplinary technologies has become an important development direction for soil heavy metals remediation. Especially in the treatment of heavy metals polluted farmland, the combined use of multiple technologies can further improve the safe utilization of farmland. In this paper, the main bioremediation techniques of heavy metals were summarized based on the domestic and foreign literatures in order to provide reference for further research in this field.