A Review of Sustainable Technologies for Bio char Production from Biomass any Waste Material

The article covers the description of biomass any waste material, known as bio-char and its physicochemical properties along with its proximate analysis. The potential biomass wastes that can be used for bio-char production are presented. Various production routes of bio-char have been discussed. Among those, pyrolysis, Torre faction, slow pyrolysis, intermediate pyrolysis, fast pyrolysis, flash pyrolysis, hydrothermal carbonization, and microwave assisted pyrolysis are discussed with their operating conditions and specifications. Bio-chars have a tremendous range of physical and chemical properties, which greatly affect their wide applications. The physical, chemical and mechanical properties of bio-chars depend on the feedstock type and pyrolysis operating conditions.