Economic impact of UNESCO Global Geoparks on local communities: Comparative analysis of three UNESCO Global Geoparks in Asia

UNESCO Global Geoparks were established in 2015. With respect to sustainable development, there are numerous sites globally that have potential for immediate substantial economic development because of the diverse range of geological phenomena they offer including, among many others, structures, minerals and fossils. UNESCO Global Geoparks play an important role in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. This study explored how UNESCO Global Geoparks have been contributing to the local economic development by promoting sustainable geotourism. Literature review was carried out to understand UNESCO Global Geoparks’ strategies on sustainable geotourism, and local community’s participation and involvement in economic activities in UNESCO Global Geoparks worldwide. A case study with three UNESCO Global Geoparks in Asia showed that the designation of UNESCO Global Geoparks vitalized economic activities by local communities and brought more visitors to the regions. Moreover, UNESCO Global Geoparks can be a brand with the image of treasured Earth heritage sites, and local communities can utilize the image as a marketing strategy as well as create their own brands along with geoparks.