Pediatric demyelinating disease and anti‐MOG antibody

Abstract Significant progress has been made in the field of pediatric neuroimmunology over the past few years. With the detection of conformationally correct myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibodies using cell‐based assays, children with different monophasic and relapsing phenotypes have been increasingly described. However, there is still controversy regarding the severity of the disease course and outcome of this emerging and rapidly expanding spectrum of MOG‐associated demyelination. Accumulating evidence seems to identify MOG‐IgG–associated disorder as a disease entity different from multiple sclerosis and aquaporin 4 (AQP4)‐IgG–positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. This review will summarize recent findings regarding the spectrum of MOG‐associated disorders in pediatric patients related to diagnosis, clinical presentation, and neuroimaging patterns, including data on current available and emerging treatment options for children.