Arthroscopy and Arthrotomy of the Stifle

Arthroscopy has revolutionized the treatment of joint disease in human beings and animals. Arthrotomy of the stifle can be performed in a traditional open or in a minimally invasive manner. Arthroscopy of the stifle is the method of choice for joint exploration. The arthroscopic management of dogs with cruciate ligament rupture (CR) reduces short-term postoperative morbidity compared to arthrotomy. Arthroscopy is easier to perform when combined with arthrotomy. Arthroscopic-assisted arthrotomy provides the surgeon with intraarticular images that are identical to those obtained by traditional arthroscopy, and thus enables complete documentation of the changes observed and treatment provided. Distraction of the femoral and tibial joint surfaces during arthrotomy or arthroscopy is often achieved using a narrow Hohmann retractor with an appropriate contour and adequate stiffness to prevent bending. In dogs with CR, stifle synovitis also contributes to joint pain and lameness.