Cytokine and cytokine storm

Cytokines are a diverse group of small molecule proteins or peptides that are secreted by cells for the purpose of intercellular delivery signaling and communication, which play an important role in the immune system by regulating both the intensity and duration of the immune response During infection, the triggering of the inflammatory response, especially through the production of cytokines, is essential for the early elimination of pathogens However, cytokines are intense secreted and released during a hyperinflammatory state that may trigger a dangerous condition known as (or hypercytokinemia), resulting in uncontrolled inflammation in tissues and key organs Cytokine storms are closely related to influenza, sepsis/septic shock and acute respiratory distress syndrome, which ultimately lead to multiple organ failure This review outlines the classification and biological functions of cytokines, the clinic and damage mechanism of cytokine storms, and treatment of novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), which provides guidance for the prevention and treatment of cytokine storm syndrome