A review on impact of water pollution on freshwater fish species and their aquatic environment

Freshwater is a chief natural resource used for various types of activities in our daily life i.e. for drinking as well as different developmental purposes.An increase in pollution level leads to instability in our natural environment and harm both the physical systems and living organisms dwelling in the ecosystem.Various harmful substances present in polluted water bodies in the form of insecticide, pesticides, heavy metals, mills waste, and crude oil are frequently released into the aquatic ecosystem.When a large amount of these pollutants is released into any water body, causes an acute effect by rapid highscale mortalities of aquatic organisms.Minor levels of pollutant discharge result in an accumulation of the contaminants in the body composition of fish species.Water pollution effects are classified into acute and chronic effects, which suppress immune-response, reduction of metabolism, harm to gills, and epithelial layer in the fish species.Some of the diseases caused by the pollutant include fin rot, tail rot, gill disease, damage hepatic tissues, and also causes ulceration.This chapter aims to reviews the various types of impacts caused by water pollution on the health of fish species and their ecosystem.