THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES IN THE ANALYSIS OF THE CASH FLOWS

The analysis of the cash flows is one of the main ways applied on the analysis of sustainability of the enterprise, which allows the controlling of the balance sheet liquidity, manages current assets and forecast economic growth. The provision of the company with cash assets affects its performance. The goal of this paper is to present some of the theoretical and methodological approaches in the analysis of the cash flows: direct method, indirect method and coefficient method. The cash assets serve in all aspects of the economic activity: operational, investment and financial. In the scientific literature, cash flow is defined as a continuous process of cash flow over time, which is often compared to the so-called system of financial bloodstream, ensuring the viability of economic subjects. The “cash flows” category maintains even bigger significance and this is proven by the fact that in the reporting its been included additional “Cash Flow Statement” form, who presents the occurred changes in the cash assets and cash equivalents. The cash flow statement gives of the report stakeholders the base evaluation of the enterprise’s capability to collect and to use cash assets. In the National Financial Reporting Standard 7 (NFRS 7) – “Cash flows statement” – the cash flows are determent as incoming (receipts) and outgoing (payments) cash flows and cash equivalents. The cash flows expels the movement between accounting items that represents cash assets or cash equivalents because these elements are displayed as part of the enterprise's cash assets management rather than part of its operational, investment and activities. The term “cash flow” got its wide spread in the theory and practice. This term is included by the analysers with the purpose to be given objective results’ evaluation, received from accounting way. The cash assets management is as important as the inventory management, accounting payments and receivables. The current assets effective management dictate the minimal storage of cash assets quantity in the bank accounts, which in other hand serve to the operational activity. In the other perspective, the minimal cash quantity in the bank accounts could repress the unconstrained repayment with the counterparts.