Detection of serum biochemical markers in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and its relationship with coronary heart disease

Background and Aims: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is myocardial ischemia caused by coronary atherosclerosis and stenosis. This study aimed to investigate the relationship of CHD with glycated albumin (GA), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA 1c), glucose (Glu), homocysteine (Hcy), triglyceride (TG), and apolipop protein A (apoA) levels in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Moreover, it was attempted to predict which changes had a significant correlation with the occurrence of CHD in these biochemical indicators. Materials and Methods: This clinical cohort study included a total of 472 patients admitted to our hospital from June 2018 to June 2019. They were then divided into three groups of concurrent (n=168, T2DM complicated with CHD), DM (n=148, T2DM alone), and control (n=156, healthy individuals). Results: There were significant differences between the disease group (i.e., DM and concurrent groups) and control group in terms of GA (P=0.013, 28.58±8.01 vs. 15.77±1.44), HbA 1c (P=0.022, 9.5±1.5 vs. 5.5±0.5), Glu (P=0.012, 8.54±2.23 vs. 4.12±0.39), Hcy (P=0.031, 11.16±3.28 vs. 5.03±2.87), TG (P=0.021, 1.83±0.49 vs. 0.84±0.18), and apoA (P=0.031, 1.10±0.12 vs. 1.30±0.18). Moreover, GA (P=0.025, 27.14±6.34 vs. 28.58±8.01; concurrent group vs. DM group), HbA 1c (P=0.033, 8.3±1.2 vs. 9.5±1.5; concurrent group vs. DM group), Glu (P=0.019, 8.62±3.56 vs. 8.54±2.23; concurrent group vs. DM group), Hcy (P=0.031, 17.56±6.36 vs. 11.16±3.28; concurrent group vs. DM group), total cholesterol ([TC]; P=0.022, 3.06±0.20 vs. 3.69±0.29; concurrent group vs. DM group), and low-density lipoprotein ([LDL]; P=0.037, 2.57±1.02 vs. 3.40±1.17; concurrent group vs. DM group) in disease group (DM group and concurrent group) were higher than those in the control group; however, apoA (P=0.023, 0.95±0.12 vs. 1.10±0.12; concurrent group vs. DM group) in disease group was lower than that in the control group. Furthermore, there were significant differences between the disease and control groups in terms of GA, HbA 1c, Glu, Hcy, TC, LDL, and apoA (P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis between DM and concurrent groups was performed on the clinical parameters with statistical differences, and GA was highly correlated with HbA 1c and Glu (P<0.01). Conclusion: High-risk patient screening with high levels of GA, Hcy, and apoA in elderly patients with T2DM can not only improve the symptoms of patients with targeted treatment but also reduce the incidence of CHD by timely intervention, which is of great significance to improve the quality of life of patients.