Extended Planck Scale

Traditional derivations of the Planck mass ignore the role of charge and spin in general relativity. From the Kerr-Newman null surface and horizon radii, quantized charge and spin dependence are introduced in an extended Planck scale of mass. Spectra emerge with selection rules dependent upon the choice of Kerr-Newman radius to link with the Compton wavelength. The appearance of the fine structure constant suggests the possibility of a variation in time of the extended Planck mass, which may be much larger than the variation in the traditional one. There is a suggestion of a connection with the α value governing high-energy radiation in Z-boson production and decay. PACS numbers: 04.60.-m, 04.20.Cv Different arguments have led researchers to a measure of the scale at which gravity must necessarily mesh with quantum theory, the Planck scale. The most common approach is to form a combination of the gravitational constant G, the reduced Planck 1 constant ¯h, and the speed of light c that has the dimension of mass and label it the Planck mass mp mp = or, equivalently, one can consider the Planck length lp =