The number of independent sets in a regular graph

Abstract. We show that the number of independent sets in an N-vertex, d-regular graph is at most (2 d+1 −1) N/2d, where the bound is sharp for a disjoint union of complete d-regular bipartite graphs. This settles a conjecture of Alon in 1991 and Kahn in 2001. Kahn proved the bound when the graph is assumed to be bipartite. We give a short proof that reduces the general case to the bipartite case. Our method also works for a weighted generalization, i.e., an upper bound for the independence polynomial of a regular graph. 1.