The Pharmacogenetics of Cytochrome P-450 and its Effect on Drug Metabolism

Cytochrome P-450 (CYP-450) enzyme plays an essential role in the oxidation of most drugs, and thus it can affect the toxicity and efficacy of many medications. Factors that influence the function and presence of cytochrome have a key impact on the outcomes of therapy. More specifically, characteristics of cytochrome pharmacogenetics and procedures of cytochrome enzymes induction and inhibition can greatly influence the rate of drug biotransformation and the rate of elimination. So, an understanding of genetic variants which are associated with drug responses and illnesses could improve and enhance the outcome of treatment. Clinical data in genetic tests may be useful in order to develop methods for assessing genetic risks. Positively, genetic tests for monogenic sicknesses have already proven to be a useful test and any changes may trigger a new field of personalized drug. This review will look at the influence of pharmacogenetics in drug metabolism and the importance of using personal genetic data in achieving optimal therapy and in preventing any possible adverse effects. Keywords: Pharmacogenetics, Biotransformation, CYP-450