A Complete Set of 22 Elementary Particles for an Expanded Standard Model (Version 2)
Daniel Friedman
Abstract
Open-access reader
Daniel Friedman
Abstract
Open-access reader
Our best understanding of how the known elementary particles and three of the forces (electromagnetic, weak and strong) are related to each other and explain the nature and behavior of matter is encapsulated in the Standard Model of particle physics.However, the Standard Model is incomplete as it fails to explain a number of phenomena.The Standard Model relies on a set of elementary particles which are also known to be incomplete.This paper presents a complete set of elementary particles to serve as the basis for an expanded Standard Model.The set of elementary particles contains all known elementary particles and 6 extra elementary particles which relate only to mass and gravity.They include the graviton, a Higgs-like particle (but 6.13 times heavier than the Higgs), 2 heavy dark matter particles and 2 light dark matter particles for a total of 22 elementary particles (the W and Z bosons are seen as manifestations of a single entity).
OpenAlex reports 1 citations for this work. Citation counts describe recorded attention and do not establish research quality.
A contribution statement is not available in the OpenAlex record.
Method details are not available in the OpenAlex metadata.
Findings are not separately available in the OpenAlex metadata.
Limitations are not available in the OpenAlex metadata.
Application details are not available in the OpenAlex metadata.
Our best understanding of how the known elementary particles and three of the forces (electromagnetic, weak and strong) are related to each other and explain the nature and behavior of matter is encapsulated in the Standard Model of particle physics.However, the Standard Model is incomplete as it fails to explain a number of phenomena.The Standard Model relies on a set of elementary particles which are also known to be incomplete.This paper presents a complete set of elementary particles to serve as the basis for an expanded Standard Model.The set of elementary particles contains all known elementary particles and 6 extra elementary particles which relate only to mass and gravity.They include the graviton, a Higgs-like particle (but 6.13 times heavier than the Higgs), 2 heavy dark matter particles and 2 light dark matter particles for a total of 22 elementary particles (the W and Z bosons are seen as manifestations of a single entity).
Key concepts: Set (abstract data type), Standard Model (mathematical formulation), Mathematics, Mathematics education, Computer science, Programming language, History, Archaeology