Comparative Pharmacognostical and histochemical studies on the three different species of Tinospora on stem and leaf

The present communication deals on the pharmacognostical and histochemical studies on the three different species of Tinospora – T. cordifolia, T. sinensis and T. crispa on stem and leaf. Studies revealed that presence of calcium oxalate crystals, vascular bundles 5-7 and are collateral, open, in T. cordifolia (stem) and leaf elongated glands are present in the lower side, stomata Anomocytic. In T. sinensis (stem), multicellular trichomes are present, vascular bundles are 5-8, collateral and open, secretory sacs and calcium oxalate crystals are absent, starch grains present in the cortical region. In leaf uni to biseriate trichomes are present, stomata Anomocytic type, starch and oil globules are absent in laminar region. In case of T. crispa (Stem) vascular bundles are 5-7, collateral and open, starch is present in cortical and pith region, in leaf rounded glandular trichomes are present, Anomocytic type of stomata in the lower side. Starch grains and oil globules are present in the midrib region only.