Impact of high temperature stress on Rice and its mitigation strategies

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a central to the lives of billions of people around the world. Most of the world’s populations carbohydrate requirement is fulfilled with rice. The population of world goes on increasing at an alarming rate. It is estimated that the world’s population become 10 billion by 2050. The demand for rice increases and cultivated area under rice decreases day by day. On the other hand various abiotic and biotic stresses like heat, moisture, nutrients, chemical insect, pest etc also vigoursley reduces and hampered the growth and yield of rice. Among the different abiotic stress high temperature stress have negative impact on growth, development and yield of rice. It is a time of question that how we can stabilize the yield of rice under high temperature environment through different management practices? Therefore this review tried to cover the answer for this question, Developing high temperature tolerance rice along with genetical, biotechnological and physiological approaches to solve the problem of high temperature stress. Various agronomical practices adopted to overcome the high temperature stress are early sowing of rice, early maturing variety of rice during the grain filling stages etc. In this review, the effects of high temperature stress on rice growth, yield and quality characters, including different morphological, physiological and biochemical mechanisms along with use of convectional and molecular breeding methods and techniques are discussed. The production of heat shock proteins (HSPs), reactive oxygen species (ROS) that helps in high temperature tolerance mechanisms in plants also covered.