Role of entomopathogenic nematodes in insect pests management

In the programmes of biological control, a large number of different beneficial organisms are applied, including certain groups of nematodes. From the aspect of biocontrol measures, the most significant group of nematodes is entomopathogenic nematodes, which represents both natural and ecological solution for pest control management. The protection success relies on the specific-mutualistic relationship between nematodes and bacteria, where nematodes in its intestinal carries cells of a symbiotic bacterium that kills the host insect. Regarding nematode-related biological control, two families draw the most attention, Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae. Within family Steinernematidae, the genus Steinernema stands out, while within Heterorhabditidae the most important genus is Heterorhabditis. Entomopatogenic nematodes have been used to control numerous agricultural pests, which include insects of different orders such as: Lepidoptera, Siphonaptera, Diptera, Coleoptera, Blattodea, Orthoptera and Heteroptera. Entomopathogenic nematodes are characterized by numerous traits that make them extremely suitable biological control agents: wide host spectrum, active host seeking, killing the host within 48 hours, easy mass production and field application, long-term efficacy, compatibility with most chemicals and environmentally safe.