Clinical characteristics of congenital toxoplasmosis with poor outcome in Japan: A nationwide survey and literature review

The clinical characteristics of congenital toxoplasmosis cases with poor outcomes in Japan were analyzed. Ten cases were selected, identified from a nationwide survey by the Japan Society for Neonatal Health and Development and a literature review. Based on outcomes, two fatal cases showed generalized symptoms at birth; four cases with neurological sequelae showed the three main congenital toxoplasmosis manifestations (chorioretinitis, intracranial calcification, hydrocephalus); four cases with ophthalmological sequelae showed only one or two of the three main manifestations. Eight cases with poor outcomes were not prenatally diagnosed with congenital toxoplasma infection or suspected maternal toxoplasma infection. The outcome of congenital toxoplasmosis might differ depending on the symptomology.