IDEAS OF KANTIAN PHILOSOPHY IN THE RECEPTION OF UKRAINIAN THOUGHT (IN THE STUDIES OF P. KOPNIN, V. SHINKARUK, M. BULATOV, A. SAVCHENKO)

The article covers the experience of reconstruction of Kant's logical and methodological conception of the norms and rules of posing questions (problems, problems) in the natural sciences and in the sciences of the pure mind. His epistemological justification of the problem of scientific knowledge is noted. The main focus is on the substantiation of the reception of Kantian philosophy in the works of P. Kopnin, V. Shinkaruk, M. Bulatov, and A. Savchenko. The article is devoted to the study of Kant's philosophy at the Taras Shevchenko State University in the 80's of the XX century. The importance of Kant's philosophy in a professional university environment and its influence on the development of domestic philosophical thought are considered. In the first half of the XX century, the mainstream of national philosophy was the idealistic direction. Kant's place in the development of domestic philosophy, especially his ethical teaching, was decisive. Kantian freedom has in its content the spiritual components: philosophical, psychological, religious – and defines Kant's place in national philosophy in the 80's of the XX century. Thus, considering Kant's philosophy in its own self-worth and integrity, concreteness, as a value in itself (not ignorant, of course, is the fact that it is an integral part of German classical philosophy), not only legitimate, but necessary. Most of the works are devoted to various (separate, individual) problems of Kant's philosophical system, the classification of which is carried out on several grounds. As a rule, researchers proceed from the division of Kant's work into two periods – critical and critical. There is a tendency (still weak) of research at the methodological level of communication between the pre-critical and critical periods.