Impact of tree breeding on managing forest genetic resources: a review with a particular reference to Acacias and Eucalyptus grown in Indonesia

Abstract Declining genetic resource for some species is evident due to biotic and abiotic pressures which are aggravated by inappropriate management of conservation and utilization. Although breeding is one of good practices for increasing the utilization of genetic resources, inadequate breeding strategy could be the source of the diminishing genetic resources.Acacias and Eucalyptus are among the species experiencing good progress in genetic improvement due to its fast growth and high value wood for industries. Besides improving productivity, breeding program should be continued to overcome the increasing threats of pest, disease, and climate change. However, there appeared to be some problems with the developing advanced generation breeding, particularly those related to small genetic diversity as an impact of the decreased genetic resources and the improper breeding activities. Therefore, ensuring the sustainable benefits of germplasm for future uses, managing genetic resources and breeding practices should be properly linked.This paper reviews the impact of current adopted breeding strategy of Acacias and Eucalyptus on the declining genetic resources. It also discusses some possible ways to improve breeding strategy while maintaining genetic resources for the targeted species.