Power Conservative Equivalent Circuit for DC Networks

This paper introduces a new equivalent circuit for linear direct current networks containing independent voltage sources and resistors, which represents all internal losses and can be used for the power and efficiency analysis of the actual circuit. It is shown that the internal losses of a direct current circuit have two components. One is variable and dependent on the internal resistances of the actual circuit and the power transferred to the component connected to the output terminals. The other is constant and dependent only on the internal sources and resistances of the original circuit. In addition, it is demonstrated that the Thévenin equivalent circuit is a particular case of the proposed circuit. Lastly, an alternative method for the determination of the resistance of the Thévenin equivalent circuit is introduced. The theoretical results are validated by numerical simulation.