Female Sexual Dysfunction

Female sexual dysfunction is associated with personal distress and includes female sexual interest and arousal disorder (including former hypoactive sexual desire disorder), female orgasmic disorder, genitopelvic pain and penetration disorder, and substance- or medication-induced sexual dysfunction. These disorders are remarkably common among women, with an estimated prevalence of 20-40%. It is our responsibility as obstetrician-gynecologists to identify risk factors and screen for female sexual dysfunction. Appropriate screening allows for further exploration into sexual function and dysfunction and, ultimately, determination of associated distress. Treatment often involves addressing the underlying issue through therapy or medical management. For female sexual interest and arousal disorder, treatment generally includes cognitive behavioral therapy, often with a mindfulness focus, and consideration of pharmaceutical management. Female orgasmic disorder is treated with education and awareness, as well as therapy. Evaluation for underlying etiology is particularly critical for genitopelvic pain and penetration disorder to allow treatment of an underlying condition. Finally, substance- or medication-induced sexual dysfunction is best managed by cessation of the implicated substance and consideration of adjunctive therapy if dysfunction is related to antidepressants. Female sexual dysfunction is often overlooked in clinical practice; however, there are effective medical and psychological options for management.