Molecular nlechanisms of ischemic preconditioning mediated neuroprotection

A large number of animal experiments have confirmed that ischemic preconditioning can produce a powerful organ protective effect, but the progress and results of the conversion of animal experiments to clinical trials are unsatisfactory. It has great significance for studying of molecular mechanisms of ischerrlic preconditioning mediated neuroprotection, searching for safe and effective preconditioning induced ways which can be converted to clinical practice, improving the tolerance of nerve tissue ischemia and hypoxia in stroke and surgical patients and achieving a safe and effective neuroprotection. This article reviews the molecular mechanisms of ischemic preconditioning mediated neuroprotection from the aspects of pretreatment of activated receptor, mitochondria, transcription factor, and protein kinase. Key words: Brain Ischemia;  Ischemic Preconditioning;  Nenroprotective Agents;  Receptors, N-Methyl- D-Aspartate;  Receptor, Adenosine A1;  KATP Channels;  ToU-Like Receptors;  Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1