Microfoundations of Organizational Ambidexterity: An Analysis of the Design, Actors, and Decisions at a Multinational Biotech Firm

Organizational ambidexterity—the simultaneous pursuit of exploration and exploitation—has emerged as a powerful concept in explaining long-term organizational success and survival. Yet, little attention has been paid to the microfoundations and specific managerial actions that facilitate the implementation and operation of an ambidextrous strategy. This article explores how a market leading biotechnology firm resolves challenges associated with the simultaneous pursuit of operational efficiency and innovation. Findings provide new insights into the multifaceted aspects of organizational ambidexterity and illustrate how companies dynamically manage the contradictory demands of exploration and exploitation at different organizational levels, and the individual behaviors and decisions that enable organizational ambidexterity.