One case of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis with literature review

Objective To discuss the clinical manifestations and diagnosis of a patient with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP). Methods One case of PAP confirmed by pathology of broncho alveolar lavage (BAD and left lung biopsy in our hospital was reported. Relevant references about PAP published were reviewed. Results PAP presented a protracted chronic clinical course, occurring in three clinically distinct forms:congenital, acquired and secondary. Progressive dyspnea proved to be main clinic manifestation of PAP. Chest computed tomography scan of PAP revealed diffuse, multifocal, patchy ground glass opacities. Broncho alveolar lavage fluid was milky in appearance. PAP was characterized by the accumulation of a lipoproteinaceous, eosinophilic, PAS positive material within alveoli. Conclusions The manifestations of PAP is not specific, image examinations and diagnostic BAL are very useful for diagnosis. Whole lung lavage was considered to be effective while segmental lavage should be more feasible. Key words: Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis; Broncho alveolar lavage; Whole lung lavage