Advance of sympathetic ophthalmia: the immunologic mechanism and treatment

Sympathetic ophthalmia is a rare bilateral granulomatous inflammation that follows accidental or surgical insult to the uvea of one eye.Onset of sympathetic ophthalmia can be insidious or acute,with variable clinical manifestations.Sympathetic ophthalmia can deteriorate repeatedly and induce blindness.Clinical presentation shows mutton-fat keratic precipitates,choroidal infiltrations,and Dalen-Fuchs nodules.Histopathology reveals diffuse or nodular granulomatous inflammation of the uvea.Prevention and treatment strategies for sympathetic ophthalmia include medicine and surgery.The mechanism of the disease is still unclear but is largely thought to be autoimmune in nature. Key words: Sympathetic ophthalmia;  Immunologic mechanism ;  Treatment