Expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1a predicts benefit from rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) has been identified as an unfavorable prognostic factor in most solid tumors. However, HIF-1α was suggested to predict improved survival in Western patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) under rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP) treatment. We studied HIF-1α protein expression by immunohistochemical staining of 155 paraffin-embedded specimens from Chinese patients with DLBCL treated with R-CHOP or CHOP. Results were correlated with patient outcome. HIF-1α expression had no impact on survival for the patients treated with CHOP. In the R-CHOP-treated group, however, HIF-1α expression was significantly correlated with superior OS and EFS (P = 0.048 and 0.040, respectively). Moreover, HIF-1α expression maintained independent prognostic value for OS (RR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.19-0.92; P = 0.030) and EFS (RR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.31-0.90; P = 0.020) when it was adjusted by IPI stratification. Therefore, HIF-1α expression benefits from R-CHOP in DLBCL.