Desalination through reverse osmosis (RO): a sustainable and cost effective future technology for energy and water management.

Desalination is a process that removes salts along with dissolved contaminants from saline water. Through desalination water becomes suitable mineral components from saline water. Thorough desalination produced water becomes suitable for human consumption, irrigation and industrial processing. . Due to its energy consumption, desalinating sea water is generally more costly than fresh water collected from rivers or groundwater, water recycling .Reverse Osmosis (RO) module, as reproduced by various membrane module configurations, presented in figure.3. Along with different combinations of hollow fiber reactor designs and their hybrid combinations RO-DM, efficiencies of RO have been increased. Membrane design is also a critical problem worldwide. Currently, approximately 1% of the world's population is dependent on desalinated water to meet daily needs, but the UN expects that 14% of the world's population will encounter water scarcity by 2025.Desalinated water is usually healthier than water collected from rivers and ground water, and there is less salt and contaminants. Since the pore size of RO goes below 0.001 micron, which rejects most of the microbes, viruses and salt ions. In this paper an attempt has been made to design new hybrid concept of RO-DM modules and some cost measurements, which would be appropriate for desalination and industrial application.