Ecological controlling weed abundance in winter wheat crops

Goal. To study the effectiveness of fertilizers and crop rotation factor in controlling weed abundance in winter wheat crops. Methods. Long-term field and analytical. Results. Research data on the effectiveness of fertilizers and legumes predecessors in controlling weed abundance in winter wheat crops are presented. It has been established that the basis of weeding of winter wheat crops in the spring tillage phase was one- and dicotyledonous species, at the time of harvest — mostly by mass dicotyledonous. In the composition of the weeds, the largest competition for winter wheat crops for light and nutrients was created by Chenopodium album — 3.4—4.3 g/m2, Capsella bursa-pastoris L. — 0.6—4.0, Spergula vulgaris — 0.3—2.9, Fallopia convolvulus — 1.0—1.1 g/ m2. The use of mineral fertilizers significantly reduced the number of weeds in winter wheat crops at the beginning of the growing season and their mass at the time of harvest. Legume predecessors had not significant effect on the dynamics of weed development in winter wheat agrocenosis. Conclusions. The application of mineral fertilizers has been identified as an effective measure todecreaseweeds abundance and their mass in winter wheat crops. At the fertilizer doses N60Р60К60 the number of weeds in the spring tillage phase decreased by 6.3—6.5 times as compared to the control without fertilizers, and the mass of weeds at the time of harvest — by 2.6—3.0 times. Under the clover predecessor, the mass of dicotyledonous weeds at the time of harvest compared to the spring vetch was slightly higher with the predominance of Capsella bursa-pastoris L. — 2.5 g/m2 and Chenopodium album — 2.3 g/m2. Increasing the nitrogen dose for winter wheat from 60 to 90 kg/ha only in the clover rotation chain slightly increased the weed mass at the time of harvest. The total weeds mass in comparison with the nitrogen dose of 60 kg/ha increased by 2.7 g/m2.