Molecular Characterization of Dendrobium Orchid Species from Western Ghat Region of Karnataka using RAPD and SSR Markers

Orchids are the most beautiful flowering, highly evolved ornamental plants and also have medicinal importance. In the present study, genetic diversity among six Dendrobium species was analysed using morphological characters and molecular markers including RAPD and SSR markers. Morphological characters analysed were leaf shoot and flower characters of six Dendrobium species. The variability in morphology was found among the species. Further, the genetic diversity among the species was determined by using RAPD and SSR markers. Out of 52 RAPD primers, 34 were selected for diversity analysis, producing 222 amplified bands. Of which 216 bands depicted 97.29 per cent polymorphism with Jaccard’s similarity coefficient varied from 0.19 to 0.35. The dendrogram was constructed by Unweighted Pair Group Method Using Arithmetic Average (UPGMA), separated six Dendrobium species into two main clusters, one with four species and the other with two species. Out of 11 SSR primers, eight were selected for diversity analysis, producing 12 amplified bands. Of which eight bands depicted 66.66 per cent polymorphism with Jaccard’s similarity coefficient varied from 0.37 to 0.60. The dendrogram was constructed by UPGMA, separated six Dendrobium species into two main clusters, one with five species and the other with one species. RAPD markers were more reliable than the SSR markers. Species specific SSR markers are to be developed in future.